# Office of Policy Development and Research dataset
# Location Affordability Index v.3
# https://hudgis-hud.opendata.arcgis.com/datasets/HUD::location-affordability-index-v-3/about

# load necessary packages
pacman::p_load(pacman, maps, mapdata, tidyverse, sm, grid)

# importing dataset
df_csv <- read.csv("~/Desktop/projects/Location_Affordability_Index_v.3.csv")
head(df_csv)
##   OBJECTID      GEOID STATE COUNTY  TRACT CNTY_FIPS STUSAB households
## 1        1 1089010800     1     89  10800      1089     AL       3773
## 2        2 1089010701     1     89  10701      1089     AL       3217
## 3        3 1059973000     1     59 973000      1059     AL       1853
## 4        4 1059973200     1     59 973200      1059     AL       1262
## 5        5 1089010401     1     89  10401      1089     AL       2401
## 6        6 1089001000     1     89   1000      1089     AL       1615
##   owner_occupied_hu renter_occupied_hu pct_renters pct_renter_occupied_hu
## 1              3335                438    10.94453               11.60880
## 2              2588                629    18.14772               19.55238
## 3               914                939    43.61356               50.67458
## 4               836                426    28.59060               33.75594
## 5              1937                464    18.59719               19.32528
## 6               864                751    38.93209               46.50155
##   pct_transit_j2w_renters pct_transit_j2w_owners pct_transit_j2w
## 1                       0                      0               0
## 2                       0                      0               0
## 3                       0                      0               0
## 4                       0                      0               0
## 5                       0                      0               0
## 6                       0                      0               0
##   median_smoc_mortgage median_gross_rent avg_h_cost autos_per_hh_renters
## 1                 1237               879  1195.4405             1.657534
## 2                 1258               738  1156.3276             1.775835
## 3                  737               622   678.7242             1.708200
## 4                  834               533   732.3946             1.063380
## 5                  860               927   872.9479             1.877155
## 6                  933               767   855.8074             1.386152
##   autos_per_hh_owner autos_per_hh commuters_per_hh_renters
## 1           2.119040     2.065465                1.0114155
## 2           2.116692     2.050047                1.1812401
## 3           1.874179     1.790070                1.2321619
## 4           2.160287     1.790016                0.5774648
## 5           2.308725     2.225323                1.1896552
## 6           1.665509     1.535604                0.9560586
##   commuters_per_hh_owners commuters_per_hh avg_hh_size_renters
## 1               1.2917541        1.2592102                3.10
## 2               1.1904946        1.1886851                2.37
## 3               1.1542670        1.1937399                3.62
## 4               1.2811005        1.0435816                3.21
## 5               1.3360867        1.3077884                2.97
## 6               0.9861111        0.9721362                1.86
##   avg_hh_size_owners avg_hh_size area_income_renter_frac median_hh_income
## 1               2.68        2.73               0.4944563            83406
## 2               2.70        2.64               0.5907479            67775
## 3               2.49        3.06               0.5310753            29575
## 4               3.57        3.45               0.6254912            39630
## 5               2.54        2.63               0.6240961            45904
## 6               1.60        1.72               0.4573204            40250
##   median_rooms_per_renter_hu median_rooms_per_owner_hu median_rooms_per_hu
## 1                        5.8                       7.0                 6.8
## 2                        4.9                       6.8                 6.4
## 3                        4.7                       5.5                 5.1
## 4                        5.0                       6.4                 5.8
## 5                        6.1                       6.0                 6.0
## 6                        4.3                       5.8                 5.1
##   pct_hu_1_detached gross_hh_density area_income_owner_frac area_income_frac
## 1          91.82909        0.2445582              1.4957475        1.4359548
## 2          87.18984        0.1477660              1.3503202        1.1668446
## 3          66.74408        0.3250794              1.1378051        0.8183906
## 4          86.44295        0.1781333              1.3628314        1.0966296
## 5          76.35271        0.1285043              0.8042662        0.7903037
## 6          73.71695        2.8105787              1.0639247        0.6929619
##   area_median_hh_income block_density avg_block_acres job_density_simple
## 1                 58084   0.034159075       29.274797         0.29907016
## 2                 58084   0.016443964       60.812588         0.10909054
## 3                 36138   0.050349590       19.861135         0.48489988
## 4                 36138   0.027383408       36.518463         0.10586369
## 5                 58084   0.009473245      105.560444         0.01230987
## 6                 58084   0.482062108        2.074421         1.35743121
##   retail_density_simple job_gravity retail_gravity median_commute veh_count
## 1           0.016139677    9533.638       769.0001          11.98        NA
## 2           0.012723402    5505.622       672.8622          11.90        NA
## 3           0.087892490    4796.022       739.3628          23.01        NA
## 4           0.000141152    3033.812       339.6264          23.20        NA
## 5           0.000588733    2215.149       254.9094          18.17        NA
## 6           0.541232186   33531.357      2630.3615           6.71        NA
##   avg_vmt avg_hh_vmt std_dev_vmt area_type area_stfid
## 1      NA         NA          NA      cbsa      26620
## 2      NA         NA          NA      cbsa      26620
## 3      NA         NA          NA    county       1059
## 4      NA         NA          NA    county       1059
## 5      NA         NA          NA      cbsa      26620
## 6      NA         NA          NA      cbsa      26620
##   hh1_control_hh_income_frac hh1_control_hh_income hh1_control_hh_size
## 1                          1                 58084                   4
## 2                          1                 58084                   4
## 3                          1                 36138                   4
## 4                          1                 36138                   4
## 5                          1                 58084                   4
## 6                          1                 58084                   4
##   hh1_control_hh_commuters hh1_fixes hh1_model_autos_per_hh_owners
## 1                        2         0                          2.50
## 2                        2         0                          2.55
## 3                        2         0                          2.42
## 4                        2         0                          2.50
## 5                        2         0                          2.62
## 6                        2         0                          2.09
##   hh1_model_h_cost_owners hh1_model_pct_transit_commuters
## 1                    1239                             3.3
## 2                    1206                             1.3
## 3                     767                             0.0
## 4                     757                             0.0
## 5                    1222                             2.2
## 6                    1257                             7.7
##   hh1_model_vmt_per_hh_owners hh1_model_autos_per_hh_renters
## 1                       33491                           2.15
## 2                       33990                           2.11
## 3                       29140                           1.94
## 4                       31609                           2.08
## 5                       34085                           2.18
## 6                       23037                           1.68
##   hh1_model_h_cost_renters hh1_model_pct_transit_commute_1
## 1                     1228                             0.7
## 2                     1153                             0.0
## 3                      756                             0.0
## 4                      771                             0.0
## 5                     1006                             0.4
## 6                     1142                             7.6
##   hh1_model_vmt_per_hh_renters hh1_model_autos_per_hh hh1_model_h_cost
## 1                        32487               2.461694        1237.7961
## 2                        32189               2.470150        1196.3817
## 3                        28533               2.210655         762.2025
## 4                        30384               2.379919         761.0027
## 5                        34186               2.538172        1181.8301
## 6                        23277               1.930378        1212.2281
##   hh1_model_pct_transit_commute_2 hh1_model_vmt_per_hh hh1_alpha hh1_beta
## 1                        3.015442             33381.12  11.03999 21.58926
## 2                        1.064080             33663.16  11.03999 21.58926
## 3                        0.000000             28875.27  11.03999 21.58926
## 4                        0.000000             31258.77  11.03999 21.58926
## 5                        1.865251             34103.78  11.03999 21.58926
## 6                        7.661068             23130.44  11.03999 21.58926
##   hh1_gas_price hh1_mpg hh1_income_bin hh1_auto_own_cost_owners
## 1         3.745    21.6              3                 9740.684
## 2         3.745    21.6              3                 9935.498
## 3         3.745    21.6              2                 8945.705
## 4         3.745    21.6              2                 9241.431
## 5         3.745    21.6              3                10208.237
## 6         3.745    21.6              3                 8143.212
##   hh1_vmt_cost_owners hh1_transit_cost_owners hh1_transit_trips_owners
## 1            7674.792               144.08827                 72.86392
## 2            7789.143                56.76204                 28.70397
## 3            6679.918                 0.00000                  0.00000
## 4            7245.900                 0.00000                  0.00000
## 5            7810.913                96.05884                 48.57595
## 6            5279.155               336.20596                170.01581
##   hh1_t_cost_owners hh1_t_owners hh1_h_owners hh1_ht_owners
## 1          17559.56     30.23133     25.59741      55.82874
## 2          17781.40     30.61325     24.91564      55.52889
## 3          15625.62     43.23876     25.46904      68.70779
## 4          16487.33     45.62325     25.13697      70.76023
## 5          18115.21     31.18795     25.24620      56.43415
## 6          13758.57     23.68737     25.96929      49.65666
##   hh1_auto_own_cost_renters hh1_vmt_cost_renters hh1_transit_cost_renters
## 1                  8376.988             7444.716                 30.56418
## 2                  8221.137             7376.426                  0.00000
## 3                  7171.350             6540.772                  0.00000
## 4                  7688.871             6965.086                  0.00000
## 5                  8493.876             7834.058                 17.46524
## 6                  6545.740             5334.154                331.83965
##   hh1_transit_trips_renters hh1_t_cost_renters hh1_t_renters hh1_h_renters
## 1                  30.22496           15852.27      27.29197      25.37015
## 2                   0.00000           15597.56      26.85346      23.82067
## 3                   0.00000           13712.12      37.94378      25.10377
## 4                   0.00000           14653.96      40.54999      25.60186
## 5                  17.27141           16345.40      28.14097      20.78369
## 6                 328.15674           12211.73      21.02426      23.59342
##   hh1_ht_renters hh1_auto_own_cost hh1_vmt_cost hh1_transit_cost
## 1       52.66212          9591.434     7649.612        131.66359
## 2       50.67413          9624.380     7714.244         46.46103
## 3       63.04755          8171.846     6619.231          0.00000
## 4       66.15185          8797.545     7165.613          0.00000
## 5       48.92466          9889.414     7815.218         81.44264
## 6       44.61768          7521.282     5300.567        334.50606
##   hh1_transit_trips hh1_t_cost    hh1_t    hh1_h   hh1_ht hh1_pctile_all
## 1          68.19729   17372.71 29.90963 25.57254 55.48217       37.30840
## 2          23.49485   17385.09 29.93094 24.71693 54.64787       43.81359
## 3           0.00000   14791.08 40.92943 25.30973 66.23916       55.85470
## 4           0.00000   15963.16 44.17278 25.26989 69.44266       45.11458
## 5          42.75418   17786.07 30.62130 24.41629 55.03759       59.62597
## 6         231.58338   13156.36 22.65057 25.04431 47.69488       61.42464
##   hh1_pctile_own hh1_pctile_rent hh2_control_hh_income_frac
## 1       31.24179        68.40303                  0.2045314
## 2       35.47754        75.13030                  0.2045314
## 3       41.23002        70.03345                  0.3287398
## 4       30.31855        74.47149                  0.3287398
## 5       59.44543        68.49852                  0.2045314
## 6       42.82633        81.96022                  0.2045314
##   hh2_control_hh_income hh2_control_hh_size hh2_control_hh_commuters hh2_fixes
## 1                 11880                   1                        1         0
## 2                 11880                   1                        1         0
## 3                 11880                   1                        1         0
## 4                 11880                   1                        1         0
## 5                 11880                   1                        1         0
## 6                 11880                   1                        1         0
##   hh2_model_autos_per_hh_owners hh2_model_h_cost_owners
## 1                          1.55                     359
## 2                          1.61                     349
## 3                          1.58                     304
## 4                          1.66                     300
## 5                          1.67                     354
## 6                          1.15                     364
##   hh2_model_pct_transit_commuters hh2_model_vmt_per_hh_owners
## 1                             0.0                       17240
## 2                             0.0                       18053
## 3                             0.0                       16819
## 4                             0.0                       18587
## 5                             0.0                       18399
## 6                             4.4                        9014
##   hh2_model_autos_per_hh_renters hh2_model_h_cost_renters
## 1                           1.23                      605
## 2                           1.19                      568
## 3                           1.14                      436
## 4                           1.28                      444
## 5                           1.26                      496
## 6                           0.76                      562
##   hh2_model_pct_transit_commute_1 hh2_model_vmt_per_hh_renters
## 1                             3.8                        16955
## 2                             1.8                        17391
## 3                             0.0                        16691
## 4                             0.0                        18201
## 5                             3.4                        18439
## 6                            10.6                        10152
##   hh2_model_autos_per_hh hh2_model_h_cost hh2_model_pct_transit_commute_2
## 1              1.5149775         385.9235                       0.4158921
## 2              1.5337796         388.7435                       0.3266590
## 3              1.3881003         361.5699                       0.0000000
## 4              1.5513557         341.1705                       0.0000000
## 5              1.5937515         380.4080                       0.6323046
## 6              0.9981649         441.0855                       6.8137895
##   hh2_model_vmt_per_hh hh2_alpha hh2_beta hh2_gas_price hh2_mpg hh2_income_bin
## 1            17208.808  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              1
## 2            17932.862  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              1
## 3            16763.175  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              1
## 4            18476.640  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              1
## 5            18406.439  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              1
## 6             9457.047  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              1
##   hh2_auto_own_cost_owners hh2_vmt_cost_owners hh2_transit_cost_owners
## 1                 5358.277            4047.537                 0.00000
## 2                 5565.695            4238.410                 0.00000
## 3                 5461.986            3948.696                 0.00000
## 4                 5738.542            4363.780                 0.00000
## 5                 5773.112            4319.642                 0.00000
## 6                 3975.496            2116.270                96.05884
##   hh2_transit_trips_owners hh2_t_cost_owners hh2_t_owners hh2_h_owners
## 1                  0.00000          9405.814     79.17352     36.26263
## 2                  0.00000          9804.104     82.52613     35.25253
## 3                  0.00000          9410.682     79.21450     30.70707
## 4                  0.00000         10102.322     85.03638     30.30303
## 5                  0.00000         10092.754     84.95584     35.75758
## 6                 48.57595          6187.825     52.08607     36.76768
##   hh2_ht_owners hh2_auto_own_cost_renters hh2_vmt_cost_renters
## 1     115.43615                  4252.052             3980.626
## 2     117.77866                  4113.774             4082.988
## 3     109.92157                  3940.927             3918.645
## 4     115.33941                  4424.900             4273.157
## 5     120.71342                  4355.761             4329.033
## 6      88.85375                  2627.284             2383.445
##   hh2_transit_cost_renters hh2_transit_trips_renters hh2_t_cost_renters
## 1                 82.95991                  82.03919           8315.638
## 2                 39.29680                  38.86067           8236.059
## 3                  0.00000                   0.00000           7859.572
## 4                  0.00000                   0.00000           8698.057
## 5                 74.22729                  73.40348           8759.022
## 6                231.41449                 228.84615           5242.144
##   hh2_t_renters hh2_h_renters hh2_ht_renters hh2_auto_own_cost hh2_vmt_cost
## 1      69.99695      61.11111       131.1081          5237.206     4040.214
## 2      69.32710      57.37374       126.7008          5302.204     4210.204
## 3      66.15801      44.04040       110.1984          4798.598     3935.590
## 4      73.21597      44.84848       118.0645          5362.964     4337.870
## 5      73.72914      50.10101       123.8301          5509.524     4321.389
## 6      44.12579      56.76768       100.8935          3450.609     2220.287
##   hh2_transit_cost hh2_transit_trips hh2_t_cost    hh2_t    hh2_h    hh2_ht
## 1         9.079571          8.978801   9286.500 78.16919 38.98218 117.15137
## 2         7.131474          7.052325   9519.540 80.13081 39.26702 119.39783
## 3         0.000000          0.000000   8734.188 73.52010 36.52221 110.04231
## 4         0.000000          0.000000   9700.834 81.65686 34.46166 116.11852
## 5        13.804193         13.650988   9844.717 82.86799 38.42505 121.29304
## 6       148.755625        118.758903   5819.652 48.98697 44.55409  93.54106
##   hh2_pctile_all hh2_pctile_own hh2_pctile_rent hh3_control_hh_income_frac
## 1       4.366817       2.361619        19.63470                        0.5
## 2       7.748088       3.958269        23.34118                        0.5
## 3       9.739018       4.319475        15.01427                        0.5
## 4      14.449445       8.767464        25.60000                        0.5
## 5       7.466889       6.382654        11.99310                        0.5
## 6      13.092755       7.382407        19.66232                        0.5
##   hh3_control_hh_income hh3_control_hh_size hh3_control_hh_commuters hh3_fixes
## 1                 29042                   1                        1         0
## 2                 29042                   1                        1         0
## 3                 18069                   1                        1         0
## 4                 18069                   1                        1         0
## 5                 29042                   1                        1         0
## 6                 29042                   1                        1         0
##   hh3_model_autos_per_hh_owners hh3_model_h_cost_owners
## 1                          1.74                     646
## 2                          1.80                     629
## 3                          1.67                     400
## 4                          1.75                     395
## 5                          1.86                     637
## 6                          1.34                     656
##   hh3_model_pct_transit_commuters hh3_model_vmt_per_hh_owners
## 1                               0                       20496
## 2                               0                       21277
## 3                               0                       18090
## 4                               0                       19832
## 5                               0                       21590
## 6                               4                       12363
##   hh3_model_autos_per_hh_renters hh3_model_h_cost_renters
## 1                           1.44                      812
## 2                           1.40                      763
## 3                           1.23                      500
## 4                           1.37                      510
## 5                           1.47                      666
## 6                           0.97                      755
##   hh3_model_pct_transit_commute_1 hh3_model_vmt_per_hh_renters
## 1                             1.4                        20211
## 2                             0.0                        20615
## 3                             0.0                        17962
## 4                             0.0                        19446
## 5                             1.1                        21631
## 6                             8.3                        13502
##   hh3_model_autos_per_hh hh3_model_h_cost hh3_model_pct_transit_commute_2
## 1               1.707166         664.1679                       0.1532234
## 2               1.727409         653.3179                       0.0000000
## 3               1.478100         443.6136                       0.0000000
## 4               1.641356         427.8792                       0.0000000
## 5               1.787471         642.3932                       0.2045691
## 6               1.195951         694.5428                       5.6740798
##   hh3_model_vmt_per_hh hh3_alpha hh3_beta hh3_gas_price hh3_mpg hh3_income_bin
## 1             20464.81  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              2
## 2             21156.86  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              2
## 3             18034.17  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              1
## 4             19721.64  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              1
## 5             21597.62  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              2
## 6             12806.44  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              2
##   hh3_auto_own_cost_owners hh3_vmt_cost_owners hh3_transit_cost_owners
## 1                 6432.036            4698.407                 0.00000
## 2                 6653.830            4877.440                 0.00000
## 3                 5773.112            4247.097                 0.00000
## 4                 6049.668            4656.076                 0.00000
## 5                 6875.625            4949.191                 0.00000
## 6                 4953.407            2834.036                87.32622
##   hh3_transit_trips_owners hh3_t_cost_owners hh3_t_owners hh3_h_owners
## 1                  0.00000          11130.44     38.32533     26.69238
## 2                  0.00000          11531.27     39.70550     25.98995
## 3                  0.00000          10020.21     55.45525     26.56483
## 4                  0.00000          10705.74     59.24923     26.23277
## 5                  0.00000          11824.82     40.71626     26.32050
## 6                 44.15995           7874.77     27.11511     27.10557
##   hh3_ht_owners hh3_auto_own_cost_renters hh3_vmt_cost_renters
## 1      65.01771                  5323.064             4633.075
## 2      65.69544                  5175.201             4725.686
## 3      82.02008                  4252.052             4217.045
## 4      85.48201                  4736.026             4565.453
## 5      67.03676                  5433.961             4958.589
## 6      54.22068                  3585.675             3095.135
##   hh3_transit_cost_renters hh3_transit_trips_renters hh3_t_cost_renters
## 1                 30.56418                  30.22496           9986.704
## 2                  0.00000                   0.00000           9900.888
## 3                  0.00000                   0.00000           8469.098
## 4                  0.00000                   0.00000           9301.479
## 5                 24.01471                  23.74819          10416.566
## 6                181.20191                 179.19085           6862.013
##   hh3_t_renters hh3_h_renters hh3_ht_renters hh3_auto_own_cost hh3_vmt_cost
## 1      34.38711      33.55141       67.93852          6310.664     4691.257
## 2      34.09162      31.52675       65.61837          6385.493     4849.900
## 3      46.87087      33.20604       80.07691          5109.724     4233.990
## 4      51.47755      33.87016       85.34771          5674.090     4630.166
## 5      35.86725      27.51877       63.38601          6607.516     4950.939
## 6      23.62789      31.19620       54.82409          4420.920     2935.688
##   hh3_transit_cost hh3_transit_trips hh3_t_cost    hh3_t    hh3_h   hh3_ht
## 1         3.345105          3.307979  11005.266 37.89431 27.44307 65.33738
## 2         0.000000          0.000000  11235.393 38.68671 26.99475 65.68146
## 3         0.000000          0.000000   9343.714 51.71129 29.46130 81.17260
## 4         0.000000          0.000000  10304.256 57.02726 28.41635 85.44361
## 5         4.466063          4.416496  11562.920 39.81448 26.54334 66.35782
## 6       123.873990         96.730302   7480.482 25.75746 28.69814 54.45560
##   hh3_pctile_all hh3_pctile_own hh3_pctile_rent hh4_control_hh_income_frac
## 1       14.84982       10.95429        49.21740                   1.349993
## 2       23.09875       16.92062        42.34944                   1.349993
## 3       27.18101       12.22667        41.73721                   1.349992
## 4       24.06475       16.16569        39.56620                   1.349992
## 5       27.60486       23.98804        39.48039                   1.349993
## 6       36.17303       14.73553        56.42277                   1.349993
##   hh4_control_hh_income hh4_control_hh_size hh4_control_hh_commuters hh4_fixes
## 1                 78413                   1                        1         0
## 2                 78413                   1                        1         0
## 3                 48786                   1                        1         0
## 4                 48786                   1                        1         0
## 5                 78413                   1                        1         0
## 6                 78413                   1                        1         0
##   hh4_model_autos_per_hh_owners hh4_model_h_cost_owners
## 1                          1.95                    1243
## 2                          2.01                    1210
## 3                          1.88                     770
## 4                          1.96                     759
## 5                          2.07                    1226
## 6                          1.55                    1261
##   hh4_model_pct_transit_commuters hh4_model_vmt_per_hh_owners
## 1                             0.0                       21600
## 2                             0.0                       22345
## 3                             0.0                       19219
## 4                             0.0                       20899
## 5                             0.0                       22621
## 6                             3.6                       13569
##   hh4_model_autos_per_hh_renters hh4_model_h_cost_renters
## 1                           1.67                     1128
## 2                           1.63                     1059
## 3                           1.47                      695
## 4                           1.61                      708
## 5                           1.71                      924
## 6                           1.21                     1048
##   hh4_model_pct_transit_commute_1 hh4_model_vmt_per_hh_renters
## 1                             0.0                        21315
## 2                             0.0                        21683
## 3                             0.0                        19090
## 4                             0.0                        20513
## 5                             0.0                        22662
## 6                             5.7                        14708
##   hh4_model_autos_per_hh hh4_model_h_cost hh4_model_pct_transit_commute_2
## 1               1.919355        1230.4138                        0.000000
## 2               1.941039        1182.5969                        0.000000
## 3               1.701184         737.2898                        0.000000
## 4               1.859933         744.4188                        0.000000
## 5               2.003050        1169.8365                        0.000000
## 6               1.417631        1178.0747                        4.417574
##   hh4_model_vmt_per_hh hh4_alpha hh4_beta hh4_gas_price hh4_mpg hh4_income_bin
## 1             21568.81  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              4
## 2             22224.86  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              4
## 3             19162.74  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              3
## 4             20788.64  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              3
## 5             22628.62  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              4
## 6             14012.44  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              4
##   hh4_auto_own_cost_owners hh4_vmt_cost_owners hh4_transit_cost_owners
## 1                 7970.763            4951.820                  0.0000
## 2                 8216.018            5122.612                  0.0000
## 3                 7324.994            4404.223                  0.0000
## 4                 7636.696            4789.212                  0.0000
## 5                 8461.272            5185.885                  0.0000
## 6                 6335.735            3110.706                 78.5936
##   hh4_transit_trips_owners hh4_t_cost_owners hh4_t_owners hh4_h_owners
## 1                  0.00000         12922.583     16.48015     19.02236
## 2                  0.00000         13338.629     17.01074     18.51734
## 3                  0.00000         11729.217     24.04218     18.93986
## 4                  0.00000         12425.908     25.47023     18.66929
## 5                  0.00000         13647.157     17.40420     18.76220
## 6                 39.74396          9525.034     12.14726     19.29782
##   hh4_ht_owners hh4_auto_own_cost_renters hh4_vmt_cost_renters
## 1      35.50251                  6826.243             4886.483
## 2      35.52807                  6662.741             4970.848
## 3      42.98204                  5727.522             4374.661
## 4      44.13952                  6273.000             4700.756
## 5      36.16640                  6989.746             5195.284
## 6      31.44508                  4945.961             3371.823
##   hh4_transit_cost_renters hh4_transit_trips_renters hh4_t_cost_renters
## 1                   0.0000                    0.0000          11712.727
## 2                   0.0000                    0.0000          11633.588
## 3                   0.0000                    0.0000          10102.184
## 4                   0.0000                    0.0000          10973.756
## 5                   0.0000                    0.0000          12185.031
## 6                 124.4399                  123.0588           8442.223
##   hh4_t_renters hh4_h_renters hh4_ht_renters hh4_auto_own_cost hh4_vmt_cost
## 1      14.93723      17.26244       32.19967          7845.501     4944.669
## 2      14.83630      16.20650       31.04280          7934.133     5095.070
## 3      20.70714      17.09507       37.80220          6628.280     4391.330
## 4      22.49366      17.41483       39.90849          7246.807     4763.922
## 5      15.53955      14.14051       29.68007          8187.609     5187.633
## 6      10.76636      16.03816       26.80451          5794.667     3212.364
##   hh4_transit_cost hh4_transit_trips hh4_t_cost    hh4_t    hh4_h   hh4_ht
## 1          0.00000           0.00000  12790.170 16.31129 18.82974 35.14103
## 2          0.00000           0.00000  13029.203 16.61613 18.09797 34.71410
## 3          0.00000           0.00000  11019.610 22.58765 18.13528 40.72293
## 4          0.00000           0.00000  12010.729 24.61921 18.31063 42.92985
## 5          0.00000           0.00000  13375.242 17.05743 17.90269 34.96012
## 6         96.44251          72.18016   9103.473 11.60965 18.02877 29.63841
##   hh4_pctile_all hh4_pctile_own hh4_pctile_rent hh5_control_hh_income_frac
## 1       48.58739       44.13949        82.45440                  0.7999966
## 2       56.68512       49.21008        87.44093                  0.7999966
## 3       69.97239       61.71037        76.67848                  0.7999889
## 4       62.13566       52.20544        85.55581                  0.7999889
## 5       77.76084       75.42029        87.53165                  0.7999966
## 6       74.17556       62.82828        87.23023                  0.7999966
##   hh5_control_hh_income hh5_control_hh_size hh5_control_hh_commuters hh5_fixes
## 1                 46467                   2                        0         0
## 2                 46467                   2                        0         0
## 3                 28910                   2                        0         0
## 4                 28910                   2                        0         0
## 5                 46467                   2                        0         0
## 6                 46467                   2                        0         0
##   hh5_model_autos_per_hh_owners hh5_model_h_cost_owners
## 1                          1.63                    1341
## 2                          1.68                    1306
## 3                          1.55                     831
## 4                          1.63                     820
## 5                          1.75                    1323
## 6                          1.22                    1361
##   hh5_model_pct_transit_commuters hh5_model_vmt_per_hh_owners
## 1                             2.3                       15415
## 2                             0.2                       15900
## 3                             0.0                       14550
## 4                             0.0                       15360
## 5                             1.2                       15666
## 6                             6.7                       10393
##   hh5_model_autos_per_hh_renters hh5_model_h_cost_renters
## 1                           1.21                     1090
## 2                           1.17                     1023
## 3                           1.01                      671
## 4                           1.15                      684
## 5                           1.25                      893
## 6                           0.75                     1013
##   hh5_model_pct_transit_commute_1 hh5_model_vmt_per_hh_renters
## 1                             3.1                        15849
## 2                             1.2                        16377
## 3                             0.0                        14901
## 4                             0.0                        15813
## 5                             2.8                        15647
## 6                            10.0                        12430
##   hh5_model_autos_per_hh hh5_model_h_cost hh5_model_pct_transit_commute_2
## 1               1.584033        1313.5292                       2.3875562
## 2               1.587447        1254.6419                       0.3814772
## 3               1.314487         761.2183                       0.0000000
## 4               1.492765         781.1168                       0.0000000
## 5               1.657014        1243.0321                       1.4975551
## 6               1.037019        1225.5163                       7.9847589
##   hh5_model_vmt_per_hh hh5_alpha hh5_beta hh5_gas_price hh5_mpg hh5_income_bin
## 1             15462.50  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              3
## 2             15986.56  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              3
## 3             14703.08  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              2
## 4             15489.52  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              2
## 5             15662.47  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              3
## 6             11186.05  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              3
##   hh5_auto_own_cost_owners hh5_vmt_cost_owners hh5_transit_cost_owners
## 1                 6350.926            3532.499                       0
## 2                 6545.740            3643.642                       0
## 3                 5729.687            3335.374                       0
## 4                 6025.413            3521.055                       0
## 5                 6818.479            3590.018                       0
## 6                 4753.454            2381.658                       0
##   hh5_transit_trips_owners hh5_t_cost_owners hh5_t_owners hh5_h_owners
## 1                        0          9883.425     21.26977     34.63103
## 2                        0         10189.381     21.92821     33.72716
## 3                        0          9065.061     31.35614     34.49325
## 4                        0          9546.468     33.02133     34.03667
## 5                        0         10408.497     22.39976     34.16618
## 6                        0          7135.112     15.35522     35.14752
##   hh5_ht_owners hh5_auto_own_cost_renters hh5_vmt_cost_renters
## 1      55.90080                  4714.491             3631.954
## 2      55.65537                  4558.640             3752.951
## 3      65.84940                  3733.538             3415.836
## 4      67.05800                  4251.058             3624.898
## 5      56.56594                  4870.342             3585.664
## 6      50.50275                  2922.205             2848.457
##   hh5_transit_cost_renters hh5_transit_trips_renters hh5_t_cost_renters
## 1                        0                         0           8346.445
## 2                        0                         0           8311.591
## 3                        0                         0           7149.374
## 4                        0                         0           7875.957
## 5                        0                         0           8456.006
## 6                        0                         0           5770.662
##   hh5_t_renters hh5_h_renters hh5_ht_renters hh5_auto_own_cost hh5_vmt_cost
## 1      17.96209      28.14901       46.11110          6171.826     3543.384
## 2      17.88708      26.41875       44.30583          6185.126     3663.479
## 3      24.72976      27.85195       52.58171          4859.095     3370.466
## 4      27.24302      28.39156       55.63458          5518.114     3550.744
## 5      18.19787      23.06153       41.25940          6456.180     3589.208
## 6      12.41884      26.16050       38.57934          4040.510     2563.393
##   hh5_transit_cost hh5_transit_trips hh5_t_cost    hh5_t    hh5_h   hh5_ht
## 1                0                 0   9715.210 20.90776 33.92160 54.82936
## 2                0                 0   9848.605 21.19484 32.40085 53.59569
## 3                0                 0   8229.562 28.46614 31.59675 60.06289
## 4                0                 0   9068.858 31.36928 32.42270 63.79197
## 5                0                 0  10045.388 21.61833 32.10103 53.71936
## 6                0                 0   6603.903 14.21203 31.64869 45.86072
##   hh5_pctile_all hh5_pctile_own hh5_pctile_rent hh6_control_hh_income_frac
## 1       28.10589       23.81086        61.07781                        0.5
## 2       37.38392       27.70036        65.09421                        0.5
## 3       48.24339       28.79311        60.67998                        0.5
## 4       39.75040       24.48840        65.75446                        0.5
## 5       49.58031       47.17195        56.79152                        0.5
## 6       53.23034       30.79044        77.63537                        0.5
##   hh6_control_hh_income hh6_control_hh_size hh6_control_hh_commuters hh6_fixes
## 1                 29042                   3                        1         0
## 2                 29042                   3                        1         0
## 3                 18069                   3                        1         0
## 4                 18069                   3                        1         0
## 5                 29042                   3                        1         0
## 6                 29042                   3                        1         0
##   hh6_model_autos_per_hh_owners hh6_model_h_cost_owners
## 1                          1.94                     879
## 2                          1.99                     856
## 3                          1.87                     545
## 4                          1.94                     537
## 5                          2.06                     867
## 6                          1.53                     892
##   hh6_model_pct_transit_commuters hh6_model_vmt_per_hh_owners
## 1                             3.1                       23448
## 2                             1.0                       23960
## 3                             0.0                       20825
## 4                             0.0                       22500
## 5                             1.9                       23912
## 6                             7.5                       15649
##   hh6_model_autos_per_hh_renters hh6_model_h_cost_renters
## 1                           1.54                      955
## 2                           1.50                      897
## 3                           1.34                      588
## 4                           1.48                      599
## 5                           1.58                      782
## 6                           1.08                      887
##   hh6_model_pct_transit_commute_1 hh6_model_vmt_per_hh_renters
## 1                             3.5                        23162
## 2                             1.5                        23299
## 3                             0.0                        20697
## 4                             0.0                        22115
## 5                             3.1                        23953
## 6                            10.3                        16788
##   hh6_model_autos_per_hh hh6_model_h_cost hh6_model_pct_transit_commute_2
## 1               1.896222         887.3178                        3.143778
## 2               1.901076         863.4406                        1.090739
## 3               1.638848         563.7538                        0.000000
## 4               1.808483         554.7262                        0.000000
## 5               1.970733         851.1924                        2.123166
## 6               1.354806         890.0534                        8.590098
##   hh6_model_vmt_per_hh hh6_alpha hh6_beta hh6_gas_price hh6_mpg hh6_income_bin
## 1             23416.70  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              2
## 2             23840.04  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              2
## 3             20769.17  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              1
## 4             22389.93  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              1
## 5             23919.62  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              2
## 6             16092.44  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              2
##   hh6_auto_own_cost_owners hh6_vmt_cost_owners hh6_transit_cost_owners
## 1                 7171.350            5375.110                67.67782
## 2                 7356.179            5492.479                21.83156
## 3                 6464.502            4889.209                 0.00000
## 4                 6706.489            5282.458                 0.00000
## 5                 7614.939            5481.475                41.47996
## 6                 5655.756            3587.304               163.73667
##   hh6_transit_trips_owners hh6_t_cost_owners hh6_t_owners hh6_h_owners
## 1                 34.22396         12614.138     43.43412     36.31981
## 2                 11.03999         12870.489     44.31681     35.36946
## 3                  0.00000         11353.711     62.83530     36.19459
## 4                  0.00000         11988.948     66.35092     35.66329
## 5                 20.97598         13137.894     45.23757     35.82398
## 6                 82.79991          9406.796     32.39032     36.85697
##   hh6_ht_owners hh6_auto_own_cost_renters hh6_vmt_cost_renters
## 1      79.75394                  5692.721             5309.549
## 2      79.68628                  5544.859             5340.954
## 3      99.02989                  4632.317             4859.157
## 4     102.01421                  5116.291             5192.070
## 5      81.06155                  5840.584             5490.874
## 6      69.24728                  3992.298             3848.403
##   hh6_transit_cost_renters hh6_transit_trips_renters hh6_t_cost_renters
## 1                 76.41044                  75.56241          11078.681
## 2                 32.74733                  32.38389          10918.560
## 3                  0.00000                   0.00000           9491.475
## 4                  0.00000                   0.00000          10308.360
## 5                 67.67782                  66.92670          11399.136
## 6                224.86502                 222.36937           8065.566
##   hh6_t_renters hh6_h_renters hh6_ht_renters hh6_auto_own_cost hh6_vmt_cost
## 1      38.14710      39.46009       77.60719          7009.521     5367.935
## 2      37.59576      37.06356       74.65932          7027.466     5464.980
## 3      52.52905      39.05031       91.57936          5665.421     4876.102
## 4      57.04998      39.78084       96.83082          6251.842     5256.616
## 5      39.25052      32.31182       71.56234          7284.959     5483.223
## 6      27.77207      36.65037       64.42244          5008.137     3688.955
##   hh6_transit_cost hh6_transit_trips hh6_t_cost    hh6_t    hh6_h    hh6_ht
## 1         68.63357          38.74826  12446.090 42.85548 36.66350  79.51899
## 2         23.81252          14.91342  12516.258 43.09710 35.67691  78.77400
## 3          0.00000           0.00000  10541.523 58.34038 37.44007  95.78045
## 4          0.00000           0.00000  11508.458 63.69172 36.84052 100.53225
## 5         46.35202          29.52152  12814.534 44.12414 35.17082  79.29496
## 6        187.53521         137.13722   8884.627 30.59234 36.77653  67.36887
##   hh6_pctile_all hh6_pctile_own hh6_pctile_rent hh7_control_hh_income_frac
## 1       14.84982       10.95429        49.21740                  0.7999966
## 2       23.09875       16.92062        42.34944                  0.7999966
## 3       27.18101       12.22667        41.73721                  0.7999889
## 4       24.06475       16.16569        39.56620                  0.7999889
## 5       27.60486       23.98804        39.48039                  0.7999966
## 6       36.17303       14.73553        56.42277                  0.7999966
##   hh7_control_hh_income hh7_control_hh_size hh7_control_hh_commuters hh7_fixes
## 1                 46467                   3                        1         0
## 2                 46467                   3                        1         0
## 3                 28910                   3                        1         0
## 4                 28910                   3                        1         0
## 5                 46467                   3                        1         0
## 6                 46467                   3                        1         0
##   hh7_model_autos_per_hh_owners hh7_model_h_cost_owners
## 1                          2.04                    1198
## 2                          2.09                    1166
## 3                          1.97                     742
## 4                          2.04                     732
## 5                          2.16                    1182
## 6                          1.63                    1215
##   hh7_model_pct_transit_commuters hh7_model_vmt_per_hh_owners
## 1                             2.9                       24300
## 2                             0.8                       24795
## 3                             0.0                       21689
## 4                             0.0                       23335
## 5                             1.7                       24730
## 6                             7.3                       16550
##   hh7_model_autos_per_hh_renters hh7_model_h_cost_renters
## 1                           1.65                     1115
## 2                           1.61                     1047
## 3                           1.45                      687
## 4                           1.59                      700
## 5                           1.69                      914
## 6                           1.19                     1036
##   hh7_model_pct_transit_commute_1 hh7_model_vmt_per_hh_renters
## 1                             2.2                        24015
## 2                             0.3                        24134
## 3                             0.0                        21561
## 4                             0.0                        22949
## 5                             1.9                        24771
## 6                             9.1                        17688
##   hh7_model_autos_per_hh hh7_model_h_cost hh7_model_pct_transit_commute_2
## 1               1.997316        1188.9160                       2.8233883
## 2               2.002891        1144.4042                       0.7092614
## 3               1.743209         718.0125                       0.0000000
## 4               1.911342         722.8510                       0.0000000
## 5               2.072593        1132.1595                       1.7371944
## 6               1.458699        1145.3116                       8.0007776
##   hh7_model_vmt_per_hh hh7_alpha hh7_beta hh7_gas_price hh7_mpg hh7_income_bin
## 1             24268.81  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              3
## 2             24675.04  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              3
## 3             21633.17  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              2
## 4             23224.64  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              2
## 5             24737.62  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              3
## 6             16993.05  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              3
##   hh7_auto_own_cost_owners hh7_vmt_cost_owners hh7_transit_cost_owners
## 1                 7948.398            5568.584                63.31151
## 2                 8143.212            5682.018                17.46524
## 3                 7282.248            4971.885                 0.00000
## 4                 7541.008            5349.206                 0.00000
## 5                 8415.951            5667.123                37.11364
## 6                 6350.926            3792.595               159.37036
##   hh7_transit_trips_owners hh7_t_cost_owners hh7_t_owners hh7_h_owners
## 1                 32.01596          13580.29     29.22567     30.93809
## 2                  8.83199          13842.70     29.79038     30.11169
## 3                  0.00000          12254.13     42.38718     30.79903
## 4                  0.00000          12890.21     44.58739     30.38395
## 5                 18.76798          14120.19     30.38756     30.52489
## 6                 80.59191          10302.89     22.17249     31.37711
##   hh7_ht_owners hh7_auto_own_cost_renters hh7_vmt_cost_renters
## 1      60.16376                  6428.851             5503.274
## 2      59.90207                  6273.000             5530.544
## 3      73.18621                  5360.030             4942.543
## 4      74.97134                  5877.550             5260.722
## 5      60.91245                  6584.702             5676.519
## 6      53.54960                  4636.566             4053.379
##   hh7_transit_cost_renters hh7_transit_trips_renters hh7_t_cost_renters
## 1                48.029422                 47.496371          11980.154
## 2                 6.549467                  6.476778          11810.094
## 3                 0.000000                  0.000000          10302.573
## 4                 0.000000                  0.000000          11138.272
## 5                41.479956                 41.019593          12302.701
## 6               198.667157                196.462261           8888.612
##   hh7_t_renters hh7_h_renters hh7_ht_renters hh7_auto_own_cost hh7_vmt_cost
## 1      25.78207      28.79463       54.57670          7782.091     5561.436
## 2      25.41609      27.03854       52.45463          7803.811     5654.529
## 3      35.63671      28.51608       64.15279          6443.900     4959.088
## 4      38.52740      29.05569       67.58309          7065.415     5323.908
## 5      26.47621      23.60385       50.08006          8075.390     5668.870
## 6      19.12887      26.75447       45.88334          5683.490     3894.124
##   hh7_transit_cost hh7_transit_trips hh7_t_cost    hh7_t    hh7_h   hh7_ht
## 1         61.63896         33.710222  13405.166 28.84879 30.70349 59.55228
## 2         15.48428          8.404573  13473.824 28.99654 29.55399 58.55053
## 3          0.00000          0.000000  11402.988 39.44306 29.80336 69.24641
## 4          0.00000          0.000000  12389.323 42.85480 30.00419 72.85899
## 5         37.92566         22.906155  13782.186 29.66016 29.23777 58.89793
## 6        174.66942        125.702658   9752.283 20.98755 29.57742 50.56496
##   hh7_pctile_all hh7_pctile_own hh7_pctile_rent hh8_control_hh_income_frac
## 1       28.10589       23.81086        61.07781                        1.5
## 2       37.38392       27.70036        65.09421                        1.5
## 3       48.24339       28.79311        60.67998                        1.5
## 4       39.75040       24.48840        65.75446                        1.5
## 5       49.58031       47.17195        56.79152                        1.5
## 6       53.23034       30.79044        77.63537                        1.5
##   hh8_control_hh_income hh8_control_hh_size hh8_control_hh_commuters hh8_fixes
## 1                 87126                   4                        2         0
## 2                 87126                   4                        2         0
## 3                 54207                   4                        2         0
## 4                 54207                   4                        2         0
## 5                 87126                   4                        2         0
## 6                 87126                   4                        2         0
##   hh8_model_autos_per_hh_owners hh8_model_h_cost_owners
## 1                          2.58                    1618
## 2                          2.64                    1575
## 3                          2.51                    1002
## 4                          2.59                     989
## 5                          2.71                    1596
## 6                          2.18                    1642
##   hh8_model_pct_transit_commuters hh8_model_vmt_per_hh_owners
## 1                             3.2                       33707
## 2                             1.1                       34190
## 3                             0.0                       29366
## 4                             0.0                       31809
## 5                             2.0                       34271
## 6                             7.5                       23294
##   hh8_model_autos_per_hh_renters hh8_model_h_cost_renters
## 1                           2.24                     1404
## 2                           2.20                     1319
## 3                           2.04                      865
## 4                           2.18                      881
## 5                           2.28                     1151
## 6                           1.78                     1305
##   hh8_model_pct_transit_commute_1 hh8_model_vmt_per_hh_renters
## 1                             0.0                        32702
## 2                             0.0                        32390
## 3                             0.0                        28758
## 4                             0.0                        30584
## 5                             0.0                        34371
## 6                             6.5                        23534
##   hh8_model_autos_per_hh hh8_model_h_cost hh8_model_pct_transit_commute_2
## 1               2.542789        1594.5787                       2.8497751
## 2               2.560150        1528.5418                       0.9003751
## 3               2.305016         942.2494                       0.0000000
## 4               2.472779         958.1221                       0.0000000
## 5               2.630032        1513.2425                       1.6280561
## 6               2.024272        1510.7989                       7.1106791
##   hh8_model_vmt_per_hh hh8_alpha hh8_beta hh8_gas_price hh8_mpg hh8_income_bin
## 1             33597.01  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              4
## 2             33863.34  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              4
## 3             29100.83  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              3
## 4             31458.77  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              3
## 5             34289.60  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              4
## 6             23387.44  11.03999 21.58926         3.745    21.6              4
##   hh8_auto_own_cost_owners hh8_vmt_cost_owners hh8_transit_cost_owners
## 1                10545.933            7727.361               139.72196
## 2                10791.187            7838.089                48.02942
## 3                 9779.647            6729.508                 0.00000
## 4                10091.349            7289.346                 0.00000
## 5                11077.317            7856.658                87.32622
## 6                 8910.905            5340.171               327.47334
##   hh8_transit_trips_owners hh8_t_cost_owners hh8_t_owners hh8_h_owners
## 1                 70.65592          18413.02     21.13378     22.28497
## 2                 24.28797          18677.31     21.43712     21.69272
## 3                  0.00000          16509.15     30.45576     22.18164
## 4                  0.00000          17380.69     32.06356     21.89385
## 5                 44.15995          19021.30     21.83195     21.98196
## 6                165.59982          14578.55     16.73272     22.61552
##   hh8_ht_owners hh8_auto_own_cost_renters hh8_vmt_cost_renters
## 1      43.41874                  9156.159             7496.964
## 2      43.12984                  8992.656             7425.437
## 3      52.63740                  7948.398             6590.179
## 4      53.95741                  8493.876             7008.625
## 5      43.81390                  9319.662             7879.583
## 6      39.34824                  7275.876             5395.191
##   hh8_transit_cost_renters hh8_transit_trips_renters hh8_t_cost_renters
## 1                   0.0000                    0.0000           16653.12
## 2                   0.0000                    0.0000           16418.09
## 3                   0.0000                    0.0000           14538.58
## 4                   0.0000                    0.0000           15502.50
## 5                   0.0000                    0.0000           17199.25
## 6                 283.8102                  280.6604           12954.88
##   hh8_t_renters hh8_h_renters hh8_ht_renters hh8_auto_own_cost hh8_vmt_cost
## 1      19.11384      19.33751       38.45135         10393.829     7702.145
## 2      18.84408      18.16679       37.01087         10464.795     7763.202
## 3      26.82048      19.14882       45.96930          8980.974     6668.742
## 4      28.59871      19.50302       48.10172          9634.622     7209.086
## 5      19.74066      15.85290       35.59356         10750.443     7860.922
## 6      14.86913      17.97397       32.84310          8274.354     5361.592
##   hh8_transit_cost hh8_transit_trips hh8_t_cost    hh8_t    hh8_h   hh8_ht
## 1        124.43005          62.92296   18220.40 20.91271 21.96238 42.87509
## 2         39.31318          19.88026   18267.31 20.96654 21.05285 42.01939
## 3          0.00000           0.00000   15649.72 28.87029 20.85892 49.72920
## 4          0.00000           0.00000   16843.71 31.07294 21.21030 52.28323
## 5         71.08600          35.94744   18682.45 21.44303 20.84212 42.28515
## 6        310.47437         210.39529   13946.42 16.00718 20.80847 36.81565
##   hh8_pctile_all hh8_pctile_own hh8_pctile_rent SHAPE_Length   SHAPE_Area
## 1       55.16429       50.65007        89.53620   0.55584745 0.0061885567
## 2       60.85609       54.09851        88.65992   0.43655247 0.0087120733
## 3       73.28998       67.39525        79.80734   0.25988543 0.0022682098
## 4       66.68073       56.11785        87.09375   0.24588258 0.0028389148
## 5       81.27362       78.56902        92.56416   0.45202763 0.0074731481
## 6       77.80104       67.50748        89.64342   0.06940131 0.0002283185
# confine columns to those we're using
df1 <- df_csv[c(1:11, 15:21, 26:31)]
head(df1)
##   OBJECTID      GEOID STATE COUNTY  TRACT CNTY_FIPS STUSAB households
## 1        1 1089010800     1     89  10800      1089     AL       3773
## 2        2 1089010701     1     89  10701      1089     AL       3217
## 3        3 1059973000     1     59 973000      1059     AL       1853
## 4        4 1059973200     1     59 973200      1059     AL       1262
## 5        5 1089010401     1     89  10401      1089     AL       2401
## 6        6 1089001000     1     89   1000      1089     AL       1615
##   owner_occupied_hu renter_occupied_hu pct_renters pct_transit_j2w
## 1              3335                438    10.94453               0
## 2              2588                629    18.14772               0
## 3               914                939    43.61356               0
## 4               836                426    28.59060               0
## 5              1937                464    18.59719               0
## 6               864                751    38.93209               0
##   median_smoc_mortgage median_gross_rent avg_h_cost autos_per_hh_renters
## 1                 1237               879  1195.4405             1.657534
## 2                 1258               738  1156.3276             1.775835
## 3                  737               622   678.7242             1.708200
## 4                  834               533   732.3946             1.063380
## 5                  860               927   872.9479             1.877155
## 6                  933               767   855.8074             1.386152
##   autos_per_hh_owner autos_per_hh avg_hh_size_owners avg_hh_size
## 1           2.119040     2.065465               2.68        2.73
## 2           2.116692     2.050047               2.70        2.64
## 3           1.874179     1.790070               2.49        3.06
## 4           2.160287     1.790016               3.57        3.45
## 5           2.308725     2.225323               2.54        2.63
## 6           1.665509     1.535604               1.60        1.72
##   area_income_renter_frac median_hh_income median_rooms_per_renter_hu
## 1               0.4944563            83406                        5.8
## 2               0.5907479            67775                        4.9
## 3               0.5310753            29575                        4.7
## 4               0.6254912            39630                        5.0
## 5               0.6240961            45904                        6.1
## 6               0.4573204            40250                        4.3
##   median_rooms_per_owner_hu
## 1                       7.0
## 2                       6.8
## 3                       5.5
## 4                       6.4
## 5                       6.0
## 6                       5.8
# double-check all states are present
unique(df1[c("STUSAB")]) 
##       STUSAB
## 1         AL
## 653       AK
## 680       AZ
## 980         
## 1764      AR
## 2840      CA
## 11315     CO
## 11911     CT
## 13314     FL
## 13334     DE
## 14019     DC
## 17707     GA
## 19555     HI
## 19800     IL
## 20472     ID
## 23402     IN
## 24699     KS
## 24951     IA
## 26279     KY
## 27631     LA
## 28800     MD
## 28809     ME
## 30869     MA
## 31846     MI
## 34798     MN
## 36090     MS
## 37037     MO
## 38404     NE
## 38407     NV
## 38955     MT
## 39533     NH
## 40284     NJ
## 41640     NM
## 42387     NY
## 44531     NC
## 44561     ND
## 44613     OH
## 50506     PA
## 50627     OR
## 53876     OK
## 55771     TN
## 55803     SD
## 55852     SC
## 59593     RI
## 60365     TX
## 66083     WA
## 66234     WV
## 66361     WI
## 66945     VA
## 68124     UT
## 68130     VT
## 71865     WY
## 71896     PR
# let's work with only Idaho entries for now
idaho_df <- df1[ which(df1$STUSAB=='ID'), ]
summary(idaho_df)
##     OBJECTID         GEOID               STATE        COUNTY     
##  Min.   :20472   Min.   :1.600e+10   Min.   :16   Min.   : 1.00  
##  1st Qu.:20600   1st Qu.:1.601e+10   1st Qu.:16   1st Qu.: 5.00  
##  Median :20720   Median :1.603e+10   Median :16   Median :27.00  
##  Mean   :20764   Mean   :1.603e+10   Mean   :16   Mean   :33.13  
##  3rd Qu.:20871   3rd Qu.:1.606e+10   3rd Qu.:16   3rd Qu.:55.00  
##  Max.   :21629   Max.   :1.609e+10   Max.   :16   Max.   :87.00  
##                                                                  
##      TRACT          CNTY_FIPS        STUSAB            households  
##  Min.   :   100   Min.   :16001   Length:298         Min.   :  20  
##  1st Qu.:  1627   1st Qu.:16005   Class :character   1st Qu.:1303  
##  Median : 22002   Median :16027   Mode  :character   Median :1754  
##  Mean   :470301   Mean   :16033                      Mean   :2000  
##  3rd Qu.:960200   3rd Qu.:16055                      3rd Qu.:2444  
##  Max.   :981800   Max.   :16087                      Max.   :7974  
##                                                                    
##  owner_occupied_hu renter_occupied_hu  pct_renters     pct_transit_j2w 
##  Min.   :   0.0    Min.   :   3.0     Min.   : 0.505   Min.   :0.0000  
##  1st Qu.: 827.8    1st Qu.: 302.2     1st Qu.:16.180   1st Qu.:0.0000  
##  Median :1228.0    Median : 517.0     Median :25.506   Median :0.2950  
##  Mean   :1377.6    Mean   : 622.7     Mean   :27.346   Mean   :0.7372  
##  3rd Qu.:1669.2    3rd Qu.: 800.2     3rd Qu.:34.322   3rd Qu.:1.0026  
##  Max.   :6965.0    Max.   :3017.0     Max.   :80.894   Max.   :6.8351  
##                                                        NA's   :2       
##  median_smoc_mortgage median_gross_rent   avg_h_cost     autos_per_hh_renters
##  Min.   : 662.0       Min.   : 375.0    Min.   : 526.6   Min.   :0.9869      
##  1st Qu.: 997.8       1st Qu.: 645.0    1st Qu.: 894.4   1st Qu.:1.4268      
##  Median :1124.0       Median : 720.0    Median :1000.5   Median :1.6345      
##  Mean   :1173.1       Mean   : 772.9    Mean   :1050.3   Mean   :1.6619      
##  3rd Qu.:1265.8       3rd Qu.: 869.0    3rd Qu.:1168.5   3rd Qu.:1.8754      
##  Max.   :2470.0       Max.   :1694.0    Max.   :1911.1   Max.   :2.6466      
##  NA's   :2            NA's   :3         NA's   :4        NA's   :2           
##  autos_per_hh_owner  autos_per_hh   avg_hh_size_owners  avg_hh_size  
##  Min.   :1.292      Min.   :1.066   Min.   :1.240      Min.   :1.20  
##  1st Qu.:2.095      1st Qu.:1.872   1st Qu.:2.400      1st Qu.:2.40  
##  Median :2.269      Median :2.101   Median :2.660      Median :2.65  
##  Mean   :2.257      Mean   :2.067   Mean   :2.666      Mean   :2.67  
##  3rd Qu.:2.427      3rd Qu.:2.287   3rd Qu.:2.900      3rd Qu.:2.92  
##  Max.   :3.021      Max.   :2.862   Max.   :4.390      Max.   :5.54  
##  NA's   :2          NA's   :1                                        
##  area_income_renter_frac median_hh_income median_rooms_per_renter_hu
##  Min.   :0.2912          Min.   : 17469   Min.   :3.000             
##  1st Qu.:0.5315          1st Qu.: 39670   1st Qu.:4.300             
##  Median :0.6748          Median : 47396   Median :4.700             
##  Mean   :0.7072          Mean   : 49565   Mean   :4.727             
##  3rd Qu.:0.8087          3rd Qu.: 57772   3rd Qu.:5.100             
##  Max.   :3.4207          Max.   :129625   Max.   :7.800             
##                                                                     
##  median_rooms_per_owner_hu
##  Min.   :4.500            
##  1st Qu.:6.000            
##  Median :6.400            
##  Mean   :6.531            
##  3rd Qu.:7.100            
##  Max.   :9.000            
## 
ggplot(idaho_df, aes(avg_h_cost, pct_renters)) +
  geom_point() +
  geom_point(colour = '#6495ED') +
  stat_smooth(method = "lm", col = "#247B45") +
  labs(x = "Average House Cost per Month", y = "Percent Renters", 
       title = "Average House Cost per Month to Percent Renters in Idaho")
## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'
## Warning: Removed 4 rows containing non-finite values (stat_smooth).
## Warning: Removed 4 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 4 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

# This kind of follows what is expected; the highter the house cost, the less 
#  likely one is to rent it; if you're spending that much money, might as well 
# be to buy. 
ir1 <- lm(idaho_df$pct_renters ~ idaho_df$avg_h_cost)
ir1
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = idaho_df$pct_renters ~ idaho_df$avg_h_cost)
## 
## Coefficients:
##         (Intercept)  idaho_df$avg_h_cost  
##            63.89955             -0.03477
summary(ir1)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = idaho_df$pct_renters ~ idaho_df$avg_h_cost)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -25.189  -8.206  -1.649   5.966  37.234 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                      Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)         63.899546   3.194541   20.00   <2e-16 ***
## idaho_df$avg_h_cost -0.034772   0.002967  -11.72   <2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 12.03 on 292 degrees of freedom
##   (4 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  0.3199, Adjusted R-squared:  0.3175 
## F-statistic: 137.3 on 1 and 292 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# This shows that the findings are actually significant, as the Pr(>|t|) is 
# close to 0. However, the r-squared value is very low, meaning that there are
# other variables we could use to strenghten the significance. This makes sense,
# as adding income to this would probably account for some variance. 

ggplot(idaho_df, aes(median_hh_income, pct_renters)) +
  geom_point() +
  geom_point(colour = '#6495ED') +
  stat_smooth(method = "lm", col = "#247B45") +
  labs(x = "Median Household Income", y = "Percent Renters", 
       title = "Median Household Income to Percent Renters in Idaho")
## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'

ir2 <- lm(data = idaho_df, pct_renters ~ median_hh_income)
summary(ir2)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = pct_renters ~ median_hh_income, data = idaho_df)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -29.630  -8.419  -1.013   7.039  48.570 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                    Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)       5.385e+01  2.373e+00   22.69   <2e-16 ***
## median_hh_income -5.348e-04  4.564e-05  -11.72   <2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 12.38 on 296 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.3169, Adjusted R-squared:  0.3146 
## F-statistic: 137.3 on 1 and 296 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# The higher your income, the higher likelihood that you have the money to 
# own your own home. The p-value shows this is also significant: close to 0.
# 2.2e-16.

ir3 <- lm(data = idaho_df, pct_renters ~ median_hh_income + avg_h_cost)
summary(ir3)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = pct_renters ~ median_hh_income + avg_h_cost, data = idaho_df)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -25.078  -7.966  -1.497   5.789  35.897 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                    Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)       6.108e+01  3.213e+00  19.007  < 2e-16 ***
## median_hh_income -3.072e-04  8.153e-05  -3.768 0.000199 ***
## avg_h_cost       -1.759e-02  5.406e-03  -3.253 0.001277 ** 
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 11.77 on 291 degrees of freedom
##   (4 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  0.3515, Adjusted R-squared:  0.347 
## F-statistic: 78.87 on 2 and 291 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# Just for the sake of it, I included a regression analysis using both variables,
# median household income passes the most stringent of significance tests while
# average house cost is slightly less so, though still significant. The r-squared
# is still a bit low, but this could also be explained by geography--where a
# higher percentage of homes are purely up for rent. 

ggplot(idaho_df, aes(households, median_gross_rent)) +
  geom_point() +
  geom_point(colour = '#6495ED') +
  stat_smooth(method = "lm", col = "#247B45") +
  labs(x = "Quantity of Households in Region", y = "Median Gross Rent", 
       title = "Quantity of Households in Region to Median Gross Rent in Idaho")
## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'
## Warning: Removed 3 rows containing non-finite values (stat_smooth).
## Warning: Removed 3 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 3 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

# The logic: the more people want to live there, the more households there are,
# the higher the rent. The p-value shows that households are still significant
# to the predicting number of households, but understandably, the r-squared is 
# still terribly low.
ir4 <- lm(data = idaho_df, median_gross_rent ~ households)
summary(ir4)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = median_gross_rent ~ households, data = idaho_df)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -313.13 -112.97  -36.27   70.61  945.05 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept) 6.382e+02  2.117e+01  30.147  < 2e-16 ***
## households  6.673e-02  9.149e-03   7.294 2.83e-12 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 177.7 on 293 degrees of freedom
##   (3 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1537, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1508 
## F-statistic:  53.2 on 1 and 293 DF,  p-value: 2.829e-12
# california analysis
cali_df <- df1[ which(df1$STUSAB=='CA'), ]
summary(cali_df)
##     OBJECTID         GEOID               STATE       COUNTY     
##  Min.   : 2840   Min.   :6.001e+09   Min.   :6   Min.   :  1.0  
##  1st Qu.: 5570   1st Qu.:6.037e+09   1st Qu.:6   1st Qu.: 37.0  
##  Median : 7582   Median :6.059e+09   Median :6   Median : 59.0  
##  Mean   : 7568   Mean   :6.055e+09   Mean   :6   Mean   : 54.7  
##  3rd Qu.: 9592   3rd Qu.:6.073e+09   3rd Qu.:6   3rd Qu.: 73.0  
##  Max.   :12659   Max.   :6.115e+09   Max.   :6   Max.   :115.0  
##                                                                 
##      TRACT          CNTY_FIPS       STUSAB            households  
##  Min.   :   100   Min.   :6001   Length:8042        Min.   :   4  
##  1st Qu.:  9112   1st Qu.:6037   Class :character   1st Qu.:1137  
##  Median : 86406   Median :6059   Mode  :character   Median :1509  
##  Mean   :205105   Mean   :6055                      Mean   :1605  
##  3rd Qu.:406375   3rd Qu.:6073                      3rd Qu.:1979  
##  Max.   :990100   Max.   :6115                      Max.   :8542  
##                                                     NA's   :62    
##  owner_occupied_hu renter_occupied_hu  pct_renters     pct_transit_j2w  
##  Min.   :   0.0    Min.   :   0.0     Min.   :  0.00   Min.   : 0.0000  
##  1st Qu.: 473.0    1st Qu.: 354.0     1st Qu.: 24.15   1st Qu.: 0.7406  
##  Median : 790.0    Median : 645.0     Median : 40.11   Median : 2.5060  
##  Mean   : 868.1    Mean   : 736.6     Mean   : 42.58   Mean   : 5.4716  
##  3rd Qu.:1164.0    3rd Qu.: 996.0     3rd Qu.: 59.47   3rd Qu.: 6.2941  
##  Max.   :5181.0    Max.   :6948.0     Max.   :100.00   Max.   :80.9949  
##  NA's   :62        NA's   :62         NA's   :62       NA's   :141      
##  median_smoc_mortgage median_gross_rent   avg_h_cost     autos_per_hh_renters
##  Min.   : 720         Min.   : 276      Min.   : 450.2   Min.   :0.1193      
##  1st Qu.:1656         1st Qu.:1078      1st Qu.:1329.3   1st Qu.:1.3527      
##  Median :2079         Median :1353      Median :1708.3   Median :1.5912      
##  Mean   :2186         Mean   :1452      Mean   :1832.2   Mean   :1.6199      
##  3rd Qu.:2600         3rd Qu.:1737      3rd Qu.:2210.0   3rd Qu.:1.8593      
##  Max.   :4001         Max.   :3501      Max.   :3987.7   Max.   :4.0889      
##  NA's   :233          NA's   :120       NA's   :277      NA's   :140         
##  autos_per_hh_owner  autos_per_hh    avg_hh_size_owners  avg_hh_size   
##  Min.   :0.4818     Min.   :0.1463   Min.   : 1.02      Min.   :1.020  
##  1st Qu.:1.9706     1st Qu.:1.6340   1st Qu.: 2.54      1st Qu.:2.540  
##  Median :2.1945     Median :1.9089   Median : 2.95      Median :2.960  
##  Mean   :2.1709     Mean   :1.8927   Mean   : 3.06      Mean   :3.032  
##  3rd Qu.:2.4025     3rd Qu.:2.1866   3rd Qu.: 3.48      3rd Qu.:3.480  
##  Max.   :4.2000     Max.   :3.3929   Max.   :11.78      Max.   :9.500  
##  NA's   :190        NA's   :137      NA's   :62         NA's   :62     
##  area_income_renter_frac median_hh_income median_rooms_per_renter_hu
##  Min.   :0.01215         Min.   :  4774   Min.   :1.300             
##  1st Qu.:0.54184         1st Qu.: 44032   1st Qu.:3.800             
##  Median :0.72329         Median : 62324   Median :4.200             
##  Mean   :0.81253         Mean   : 69545   Mean   :4.406             
##  3rd Qu.:0.98821         3rd Qu.: 86875   3rd Qu.:4.900             
##  Max.   :4.01828         Max.   :250001   Max.   :9.000             
##  NA's   :62              NA's   :79       NA's   :62                
##  median_rooms_per_owner_hu
##  Min.   :1.400            
##  1st Qu.:5.300            
##  Median :5.800            
##  Mean   :5.825            
##  3rd Qu.:6.300            
##  Max.   :9.000            
##  NA's   :62
ggplot(cali_df, aes(avg_h_cost, pct_renters)) +
  geom_point() +
  geom_point(data = cali_df, colour = '#964000',
             alpha = 1/5) +
  labs(x = "Average House Cost per Month", y = "Percent Renters", 
       title = "Average House Cost per Month to Percent Renters in California") 
## Warning: Removed 277 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 277 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

ggplot(cali_df, aes(median_hh_income, pct_renters)) +
  geom_point() +
  geom_point(data = cali_df, colour = '#964000',
             alpha = 1/5) +
  labs(x = "Median Household Income", y = "Percent Renters", 
       title = "Median Household Income to Percent Renters in California") 
## Warning: Removed 79 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 79 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

ggplot(cali_df, aes(households, median_gross_rent)) +
  geom_point() +
  geom_point(data = cali_df, colour = '#964000',
             alpha = 1/5) +
  labs(x = "Quantity of Households in Region", y = "Median Gross Rent", 
       title = "Quantity of Households in Region to Median Gross Rent in 
       California") 
## Warning: Removed 120 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 120 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

# Georgia
georgia_df <- df1[ which(df1$STUSAB=='GA'), ]
summary(georgia_df)
##     OBJECTID         GEOID               STATE        COUNTY     
##  Min.   :17707   Min.   :1.300e+10   Min.   :13   Min.   :  1.0  
##  1st Qu.:18781   1st Qu.:1.307e+10   1st Qu.:13   1st Qu.: 67.0  
##  Median :19276   Median :1.312e+10   Median :13   Median :121.0  
##  Mean   :19265   Mean   :1.313e+10   Mean   :13   Mean   :132.4  
##  3rd Qu.:19949   3rd Qu.:1.319e+10   3rd Qu.:13   3rd Qu.:185.0  
##  Max.   :21541   Max.   :1.332e+10   Max.   :13   Max.   :321.0  
##                                                                  
##      TRACT          CNTY_FIPS        STUSAB            households  
##  Min.   :   100   Min.   :13001   Length:1964        Min.   :  20  
##  1st Qu.: 10507   1st Qu.:13067   Class :character   1st Qu.:1188  
##  Median : 30342   Median :13121   Mode  :character   Median :1731  
##  Mean   :221987   Mean   :13132                      Mean   :1849  
##  3rd Qu.:130605   3rd Qu.:13185                      3rd Qu.:2346  
##  Max.   :980000   Max.   :13321                      Max.   :7857  
##                                                      NA's   :11    
##  owner_occupied_hu renter_occupied_hu  pct_renters      pct_transit_j2w  
##  Min.   :   0      Min.   :  16.0     Min.   :  1.311   Min.   : 0.0000  
##  1st Qu.: 623      1st Qu.: 309.0     1st Qu.: 18.011   1st Qu.: 0.0000  
##  Median :1038      Median : 556.0     Median : 28.720   Median : 0.4381  
##  Mean   :1160      Mean   : 688.8     Mean   : 32.815   Mean   : 2.6212  
##  3rd Qu.:1526      3rd Qu.: 933.0     3rd Qu.: 45.085   3rd Qu.: 2.2729  
##  Max.   :5896      Max.   :3348.0     Max.   :100.000   Max.   :47.2410  
##  NA's   :11        NA's   :11         NA's   :11        NA's   :27       
##  median_smoc_mortgage median_gross_rent   avg_h_cost     autos_per_hh_renters
##  Min.   : 517         Min.   : 249.0    Min.   : 307.9   Min.   :0.374       
##  1st Qu.:1032         1st Qu.: 688.0    1st Qu.: 904.7   1st Qu.:1.173       
##  Median :1195         Median : 871.0    Median :1067.1   Median :1.394       
##  Mean   :1311         Mean   : 924.8    Mean   :1161.0   Mean   :1.412       
##  3rd Qu.:1458         3rd Qu.:1089.0    3rd Qu.:1310.9   3rd Qu.:1.636       
##  Max.   :4001         Max.   :3250.0    Max.   :3870.0   Max.   :3.139       
##  NA's   :43           NA's   :27        NA's   :57       NA's   :26          
##  autos_per_hh_owner  autos_per_hh   avg_hh_size_owners  avg_hh_size   
##  Min.   :0.8991     Min.   :0.374   Min.   :0.5225     Min.   :1.300  
##  1st Qu.:1.8738     1st Qu.:1.547   1st Qu.:2.4500     1st Qu.:2.480  
##  Median :2.0794     Median :1.845   Median :2.7000     Median :2.710  
##  Mean   :2.0314     Mean   :1.788   Mean   :2.6934     Mean   :2.709  
##  3rd Qu.:2.2410     3rd Qu.:2.068   3rd Qu.:2.9300     3rd Qu.:2.940  
##  Max.   :2.8323     Max.   :2.748   Max.   :8.5300     Max.   :4.210  
##  NA's   :36         NA's   :26      NA's   :11         NA's   :13     
##  area_income_renter_frac median_hh_income median_rooms_per_renter_hu
##  Min.   :0.04259         Min.   :  5625   Min.   :2.600             
##  1st Qu.:0.50145         1st Qu.: 35022   1st Qu.:4.500             
##  Median :0.65662         Median : 45860   Median :5.000             
##  Mean   :0.72255         Mean   : 52323   Mean   :5.092             
##  3rd Qu.:0.85882         3rd Qu.: 63246   3rd Qu.:5.500             
##  Max.   :3.09670         Max.   :187750   Max.   :9.000             
##  NA's   :11              NA's   :12       NA's   :11                
##  median_rooms_per_owner_hu
##  Min.   : 2.200           
##  1st Qu.: 6.000           
##  Median : 6.300           
##  Mean   : 6.535           
##  3rd Qu.: 7.000           
##  Max.   :10.829           
##  NA's   :11
ggplot(georgia_df, aes(avg_h_cost, pct_renters)) +
  geom_point() +
  geom_point(colour = '#247B45') +
  labs(x = "Average House Cost per Month", y = "Percent Renters", 
       title = "Average House Cost per Month to Percent Renters in Georgia")
## Warning: Removed 57 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 57 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

ggplot(georgia_df, aes(median_hh_income, pct_renters)) +
  geom_point() +
  geom_point(colour = '#247B45') +
  labs(x = "Median Household Income", y = "Percent Renters", 
       title = "Median Household Income to Percent Renters in Georgia")
## Warning: Removed 12 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 12 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

ggplot(georgia_df, aes(households, median_gross_rent)) +
  geom_point() +
  geom_point(colour = '#247B45') +
  labs(x = "Quantity of Households in Region", y = "Median Gross Rent", 
       title = "Quantity of Households in Region to Median Gross Rent in Georgia")
## Warning: Removed 27 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
## Warning: Removed 27 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

# Histogram of Idaho Rent v Ownership
hist(idaho_df$avg_h_cost,
     breaks = 14,         
     freq   = F,
     xlim = c(0, 2000),
     ylim = c(0, 0.003),
     col    = "#6495ED",
     main   = paste("Cost of Ownership vs Rent in Idaho"),
     xlab   = "Cost")
lines(density(idaho_df$median_gross_rent, na.rm = T), col = "#bca288", lwd = 2)
legend("topright", c("Median Gross Rent", "Average House Cost"),col=c("#bca288", "#6495ed"), lwd=5)

# Histogram of California Rent vs Ownership
hist(cali_df$avg_h_cost,
     breaks = 18,         
     freq   = F,
     xlim = c(0, 5000),
     ylim = c(0, 0.001),
     col    = "#964000",
     main   = paste("Cost of Rent vs Ownership in California"),
     xlab   = "Cost")
lines(density(cali_df$median_gross_rent, na.rm = T), col = "#bca288", lwd = 2)
legend("topright", c("Median Gross Rent", "Average House Cost"),col=c("#bca288", "#964000"), lwd=5)

# Histogram of Georgia Rent vs Ownership
hist(georgia_df$avg_h_cost,
     breaks = 14,         
     freq   = F,
     xlim = c(0, 5000),
     ylim = c(0, 0.0015),
     col    = "#247B45",
     main   = paste("Cost of Georgia Rent vs Ownership"),
     xlab   = "Cost")
lines(density(georgia_df$median_gross_rent, na.rm = T), col = "#bca288", lwd = 2)
legend("topright", c("Median Gross Rent", "Average House Cost"),col=c("#bca288", "#247b45"), lwd=5)

# National Household Income, with Georgia, Idaho, California as examples
hist(df1$median_hh_income,
     breaks = 14,
     freq = F,
     col = '#36454F',
     xlim = c(0, 280000),
     ylim = c(0, 0.00003),
     main = paste('Histogram of National Median Household Income'),
     xlab = "Income"
     )
lines(density(georgia_df$median_hh_income, na.rm = T), col = '#247b45', lwd = 2)
lines(density(cali_df$median_hh_income, na.rm = T), col = '#964000', lwd = 2)
lines(density(idaho_df$median_hh_income, na.rm = T), col = '#6495ED', lwd = 2)
legend("topright", c("Georgia", "California", "Idaho", "National"),col=c("#247b45", "#964000", "#6495ED", "#36454F"), lwd=5)